常用adb命令汇总

debian使用initramfs脚本：自动检测物理机/虚拟机运行并挂载对应的UUID

1. 创建或编辑 initramfs 脚本文件：

   创建或编辑 /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/init-top/detect_vm_and_mount_root：

   sudo nano /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/init-top/detect_vm_and_mount_root
   

2. 编写脚本内容：

   在脚本文件中添加以下内容：

   #!/bin/sh
   
   PREREQ=""
   
   prereqs() {
       echo "$PREREQ"
   }
   
   case $1 in
       prereqs)
           prereqs
           exit 0
           ;;
   esac
   
   . /scripts/functions
   
   # 检测是否在虚拟机中
   if [ -f /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name ]; then
       VM_PRODUCT_NAME=$(cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_name)
       if [ "$VM_PRODUCT_NAME" = "VMware7,1" ] || [ "$VM_PRODUCT_NAME" = "VirtualBox" ]; then
           IS_VM=true
       else
           IS_VM=false
       fi
   else
       IS_VM=false
   fi
   
   # 根据检测结果选择挂载配置
   if [ "$IS_VM" = true ]; then
       log_success_msg "Detected virtual machine, using VM configuration"
       ROOT_UUID="xxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxx"  # 替换为虚拟机的根目录 UUID
       ROOT_DEVICE="/dev/nvme0np5"
       EFI_DEVICE="/dev/sda1"
       CDROM_DEVICE="/dev/nvme0n12"
   else
       log_success_msg "Detected physical machine, using physical configuration"
       ROOT_UUID="a39cb932-ad9f-4b9a-ae69-c14ca43a5313"  # 物理机的根目录 UUID
       ROOT_DEVICE="/dev/nvme0n1p2"
       EFI_UUID="F440-36ED"
       CDROM_DEVICE="/dev/nvme0n12"
   fi
   
    # 尝试挂载根目录
    if mount -o rw -U $ROOT_UUID /; then
        log_success_msg "Successfully mounted UUID $ROOT_UUID to / in read-write mode"
    else
        log_failure_msg "Failed to mount UUID $ROOT_UUID, trying device $ROOT_DEVICE"
        if mount -o rw $ROOT_DEVICE /; then
            log_success_msg "Successfully mounted device $ROOT_DEVICE to / in read-write mode"
        else
            log_failure_msg "Failed to mount both UUID and device for root"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi
   
   # 挂载 /boot/efi
   if [ "$IS_VM" = true ]; then
       if mount $EFI_DEVICE /root/boot/efi; then
           log_success_msg "Successfully mounted device $EFI_DEVICE to /root/boot/efi"
       else
           log_failure_msg "Failed to mount device $EFI_DEVICE to /root/boot/efi"
           exit 1
       fi
   else
       if mount -U $EFI_UUID /root/boot/efi; then
           log_success_msg "Successfully mounted UUID $EFI_UUID to /root/boot/efi"
       else
           log_failure_msg "Failed to mount UUID $EFI_UUID to /root/boot/efi"
           exit 1
       fi
   fi
   
   # 挂载 /media/cdrom0
   if mount $CDROM_DEVICE /root/media/cdrom0; then
       log_success_msg "Successfully mounted device $CDROM_DEVICE to /root/media/cdrom0"
   else
       log_failure_msg "Failed to mount device $CDROM_DEVICE to /root/media/cdrom0"
       exit 1
   fi
   

   若挂载脚本出问题，/变成只读，可以强制用rw重新挂载

   sudo mount -o remount,rw /
   

3. 赋予脚本执行权限：

   保存并退出编辑器后，赋予脚本执行权限：

   sudo chmod +x /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/init-top/detect_vm_and_mount_root
   

4. 更新 initramfs：

   更新 initramfs 以包含新脚本：

   sudo update-initramfs -u
   

   强制更新 initramfs:

   sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
   

修改 /etc/fstab

在 /etc/fstab 文件中，移除或注释掉根目录、/boot/efi 和 /media/cdrom0 的挂载条目。例如：

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>

# 注释掉根目录的挂载条目
# UUID=a39cb932-ad9f-4b9a-ae69-c14ca43a5313 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1

# 注释掉 /boot/efi 的挂载条目
# UUID=F440-36ED  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1

# 注释掉 /media/cdrom0 的挂载条目
# /dev/nvme0n12   /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto     0       0

总结

通过创建或编辑 initramfs 脚本，你可以在系统启动的早期阶段检测当前环境（物理机或虚拟机），并根据检测结果选择正确的配置来挂载根目录、/boot/efi 和 /media/cdrom0。确保在脚本中正确填写物理机和虚拟机的 UUID 和设备名称，并备份配置文件以防万一。

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